TechFresh

What is Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Why You Should Use it?

Shivam Patsariya 0 Business, Hack 11:18 AM

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<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><img height="325" loading="lazy" src="http://itak.iaitam.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/open-source-software-1.jpg" style="background-color: transparent; text-align: left;" width="640" /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">FOSS (Free And Open Software) is the modern day result of the free software movement that draws its philosophies from the 1970's hacker culture of the love of programming and excellence. It hasn’t changed much since then. Read the article to know more about FOSS.</span></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A </em><span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i>part from being an important part of the SPRTech, FOSS is globally understood as a computer software that is both free as well as open source. We started SPRTech with an aim to promote the use of open source technologies and open source software, but seeing the lack of interest in common people, we decided to cover other topics too. However, FOSS remains the driving wheel of SPRTech.</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you are new to this term then this will give you a better understanding. Consider a software that you built, and out of generosity maybe, you made it available for everyone to use it for free. Also, people now could modify what you have originally created to suit their own needs. So now, it is both free and open software, in short FOSS.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The concept seems amazing, right? You build something, I create something and then let us share with the world, maybe someone will give it back to us with an improvised version. But that doesn’t happen. What do you think made Bill Gates so rich?</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the computers were beginning to mark their presence in the world, so did the demand for better software. Earlier, the hardware provider would be in charge of the software products, but later the business around software industry developed and brought in the new players. And with the competitive business around, came the proprietary or closed software.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Open Source vs Proprietary </span></i></span><span style="line-height: 28.8px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>Software's</i></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There are two types of software used today. One that we are discussing about, the Open source software and the other is Proprietary software. Simply stated, the software that you can’t tweak and whose source code cannot be modified by anyone but the creator and his team is known as Proprietary software or closed software.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Linux and FreeCAD are some of the open source software whereas the popular OS like Windows and MathWorks MATLAB are proprietary software.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Also read: The History of Linux: How Linux Became Everyone’s Favorite</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Are Open Source Software Free as well?</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">No. Open source is what we just told you it is, and it is not necessary that an open source software be free. You could sell your software, but since you have to release the source code as well, so most of the times developers charge money from the users for the software services and support rather than the software, which seems a better way.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The good thing about FOSS or general open source software is that some of the open source licenses make sure that whenever anyone makes modifications in the source code, then he must not charge any fee for sharing it again with others. And the cycle thus continues.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Why Open Source?</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">First, knowing the software on what you are working boosts your confidence as it gives you the control over the system. If something goes wrong or you want any specific feature to be added, you can easily customize the open source software.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Second, you can learn by watching the source code of the software and in future create an even better one.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Third, with so many brains working on a software, the bugs are fixed quicker and faster come the upgrades.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">There is one slight problem that open source software users might encounter is that when someone modifies the software and you upgrade it, the new source code can clash with your tweaks.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Who Benefits from the Open Source Software?</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Now a software that is open source might not seem to be of much importance to most of the people, but the fact is that FOSS benefits both programmers and regular users alike. No doubt that for the developers it is a play area where they can change the original source code of the software to create something better, the non-programmers should thank the open source system as it is the basis of much of the Internet.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Open Source, in general, was an idea started by the free software movement with the goals of giving the user freedom to run, study, change and distribute the software without any hassles. The GNU Project by Richard Stallman in 1985 was regarded as a high moment for the free software movement as a fundamental philosophical source.</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 28.8px;"><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Did you find this article helpful? Tell us in the comments below.</span></i></span></div>
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What is Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and Why You Should Use it?

FOSS (Free And Open Software) is the modern day result of the free software movement that draws its philosophies from the 1970's hacke...

Brain Hack: How Scientists Connected One Brain To The Other Over Internet

Shivam Patsariya 0 Hack, Science 11:10 AM

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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="brain-hack-connect-two" height="366" loading="lazy" src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/brain-hack-connect-two.jpg" width="640" /><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Research on a direct brain-to-brain connection was conducted by the University Of Washington. This was done to enable pairs of participants play a question-and-answer game by transmitting signals from one brain to the other over the Internet</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.8px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">H</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.8px;">aven’t all of us been fascinated by the idea of mind reading? Isn’t it just wonderful when you don’t utter a word and yet can communicate perfectly? And when the Internet serves as the connector, things get all the more fascinating.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Yes, we are talking about the recent research conducted by the University Of Washington where a direct brain-to-brain connection was used. This was done to enable pairs of participants play a question-and-answer game by transmitting signals from one human brain to the other over the Internet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here, take a look at the diagram:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><img alt="brain to brain interface" class="lazy aligncenter wp-image-21525" data-lazy-src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/brain-to-brain-interface.png" data-lazy-type="image" height="493" loading="lazy" src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/brain-to-brain-interface.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; clear: both; display: block; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px auto; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="775" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Here’s how they made it big:</span></div>
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<li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">A cap laced with electrodes is placed on the head of Player 1.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The signals are read by an EEG (electroencephalogram) system.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This player faces a screen with a “yes” and a “no” side flashing light(with different rates of pulses)</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Miles away, Player 2 is aided with a special magnet at the back of his head, connected to the EEG system over the Internet.</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Player 2 then selects a question from a computer screen. The question is sent to Player 1’s screen. Player 1 looks intently at either the “yes” flashing light or “no.”</span></li>
<li style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; list-style: square; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">This EEG sends a signal to the magnet. If the answer looked at by Player 1 was “yes,” the magnet then fires a pulse into the head of Player 2 that causes a “phosphene” or a flash of light in the brain.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Wonderful, isn’t it?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: small;"><img alt="brain to brain interface" class="lazy wp-image-21526" data-lazy-src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/brain-to-brain-interface1.png" data-lazy-type="image" height="482" loading="lazy" src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/brain-to-brain-interface1.png" style="border-radius: 2px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; height: auto; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; padding: 0px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease; vertical-align: baseline;" width="851" /></span></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Caitlin Hudac, who is a post-doctoral student at the University Of Washington, wears a cap that uses transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMG) to deliver brain signals from the other participant.</span></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Participants were able to guess the correct object in 72 percent of the real games. Incorrect guesses could be influenced by several factors. For instance, being uncertainty about whether a phosphene had appeared.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Andrea Stocco, an assistant professor of psychology and a researcher at UW’s Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences says:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“<em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This is the most complex brain-to-brain experiment, I think, that’s been done to date in humans</em>“</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The team is also working on transmitting brain states — for example, sending signals from an alert person to a sleepy one, or from a focused student to one who has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Sources: <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366ff; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/University-s-brain-to-brain-or-mind-reading-6537900.php#photo-8712499" rel="nofollow" style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; color: #3366ff; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">SeattlePi</a></span></span></div>
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Brain Hack: How Scientists Connected One Brain To The Other Over Internet

Research on a direct brain-to-brain connection was conducted by the University Of Washington. This was done to enable pairs of participant...

Digital India Profile Pic Tool Confusion Was an Engineer’s Mistake, Facebook Says

Shivam Patsariya 0 FbTrick 3:46 AM

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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img alt="google-mobile-app-indian-governemnt-pm-modi-digital-india" height="340" loading="lazy" src="http://fossbytes.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/google-mobile-app-indian-governemnt-pm-modi-digital-india.jpg" width="640" /><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">After facing widespread criticism over the tri-color profile picture tool and its relation to<span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">internet.org</span>, Facebook has said that it was a Facebook engineer’s mistake.</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">F</em><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">acebook’s recent</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;"> tri-color profile picture tool</span></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;"> to show support to the Digital India initiative is </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">facing criticism</span> </span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">as it was claimed that the company plans to use them to show support for the controversial</span><span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;"> initiative.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">However, in an expected move, Facebook has denied the charge and called it a Facebook engineer’s mistake.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For those who don’t know, yesterday it was revealed that the<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> <span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">source code of the Facebook page</span></span> showed that these pictures were named <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">internetOrgprofilepicture </em>and it was said that it could be used in the future by Facebook.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Denying the claims, Facebook has said: <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“There is absolutely no connection between updating your profile picture for digital India and <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span>.”</em></span></div>
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<em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">“An engineer mistakenly used the words “<span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span> profile picture” as a shorthand name he chose for part of the code. But this product in no way connects to or registers support for <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span>. We are changing the code today to eliminate any confusion.”</span></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The mistake has been corrected by Facebook and the picture is now named <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">digitalIndiaProfilePicture.</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">However, Facebook’s explaination sound fishy as every software engineer is given a description before doing a project. The fact that the string <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">internetOrgprofilepicture </em>comes to his/her mind on the Digital India project couldn’t be just coincidental.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Well, the truth remains to be uncovered but it would be harmless to assume that Facebook is definitely gaining something in return of this support to Digital India campaign.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It doesn’t prove anything but it says one thing loud and clear: <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mark Zuckerberg will try to prove <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">internet.org</span> as one of many ways in which Digital India can be achieved.</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Have something to add? Tell us in the comments below.</span></div>
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Digital India Profile Pic Tool Confusion Was an Engineer’s Mistake, Facebook Says

After facing widespread criticism over the tri-color profile picture tool and its relation to internet.org , Facebook has said that it was...

For the 3rd Time in Less than 2 Weeks, Facebook Went Down

Unknown 0 FbTrick 3:44 AM

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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img alt="facebook-down" loading="lazy" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAEACAkQBADs=" /><img alt="facebook-down" height="375" loading="lazy" src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/facebook-down.jpg" width="640" /><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Things aren’t going well at Facebook HQ. For the third time in less than two week, Facebook went down.</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">T</em><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">oday, at about 12:00 p.m. PDT (3:00 p.m. EDT), Facebook went down for the third time in less than two weeks.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Multiple users from all over the globe received “something went wrong” message and some users got a blank page with service unavailable message at the top left corner.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Facebook is generally very reliable, but three downtimes in a month are very unusual. The first outage earlier this month lasted for five minutes for most users and the second one took 10 minutes. It should be noted that today’s outage appears is the longest.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Update: </span>After 45 minutes of outage, Facebook is back online.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Facebook has confirmed the problem via its <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">developer site</span></span>, “A Facebook-wide issue is causing the Facebook Graph API to be temporarily unavailable. We’re working with our core infrastructure teams to identify the issue and will update you when we have more information.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Did you face the outage? Tell us in the comments below.</span></div>
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For the 3rd Time in Less than 2 Weeks, Facebook Went Down

Things aren’t going well at Facebook HQ. For the third time in less than two week, Facebook went down. T oday, at about 12:00 p.m....

Here’s Why You Should NOT Change Your Profile Pic to Digital India Tricolor

Shivam Patsariya 0 FbTrick 3:40 AM

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<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you check the source code of Digital India profile picture, you’ll realize that your new picture is being called as “internetOrgProfilePicture__prideAvatar” by Facebook. Read more to know why it sounds fishy.</span></em></div>
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<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></em></div>
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<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">t the Facebook HQ, Indian Prime Minister</span><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; -webkit-transition-timing-function: ease; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none; transition-duration: 0.2s; transition-timing-function: ease; vertical-align: baseline;"> Narendra Modi and CEO took part in a public Q&A</span><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; transition-duration: 0.2s;"> </span><span style="font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">and vowed their support to the Digital India initiative. Both of them changed their Facebook profile pictures to </span><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Digital India filter</em><span style="font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;"> and people are following the same course.</span></span></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">By converting your Facebook profile pictures into the hue of Indian flag, you are unknowingly casting your vote to support <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span>. <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span>  defies the<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;"> </span>basic idea of net neutrality</span> (read free and open internet).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">While Digital India program aims to transform the Indian economy and empower it digitally, <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span> is a different story. At fossBytes, we support the Digital India initiative, but Mark Zuckerberg’s <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span> policies are way too shady. The social network has faced much flak over the issue and we don’t support it either.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Digital India profile picture tool, with the URL <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">http://fb.com/supportdigitalindia</span>,</span> is there to support your support the “Digital India” campaign, but there’s something more to this story. Behind this, there’s a hidden story that hints that Facebook CEO is promoting his<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">controversial internet.org initiative</span></span>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">If you check the source code of the Digital India profile picture page, you’ll realize that your new picture is being called as “internetOrgProfilePicture__prideAvatar” by Facebook. Just open <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">this link</span>, </span>press ctrl+U to open the source code and search for the same.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvp7qjV_eoQS__NQBdA_LHzf62HNs_iEJp9pyOhf5-p2PdKC_Rc_cmCbRIcYX3L2z8ymj_skZsRbtxeMirxN9w0_Q0aNxqp6xucqlEMzVT45Lh28Zi1gMkFYZ8xNQP-rM7o6REaMOQeo/s1600/2.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="284" loading="lazy" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvp7qjV_eoQS__NQBdA_LHzf62HNs_iEJp9pyOhf5-p2PdKC_Rc_cmCbRIcYX3L2z8ymj_skZsRbtxeMirxN9w0_Q0aNxqp6xucqlEMzVT45Lh28Zi1gMkFYZ8xNQP-rM7o6REaMOQeo/s640-rw/2.PNG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Zuckerberg’s <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span> is under the vigilant eyes for its anti-net neutrality nature. The mention of <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">internet.org</span> sounds fishy in the HTML source code as it counts as your approval to <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span> and its anti-net neutrality nature.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Digital India is a great initiative, but this hidden agenda of Facebook is nothing less than evil. It’s possible that Facebook is using this stat as a measure to gain some information about your net neutrality stance and use this data in future.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It doesn’t prove anything but it says one thing loud and clear: <em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Mark Zuckerberg will try to prove <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">internet.org</span> as one of many ways in which Digital India can be achieved.</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Update:</span> Later Facebook spokesperson tried to handle the situation with this statement: “There is absolutely no connection between updating your profile picture for digital India and <span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span>. An engineer mistakenly used the words ‘<span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span> profile picture’ as a shorthand name he chose for part of the code. But this product in no way connects to or registers support for<span class="skimlinks-unlinked" style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Internet.org</span>. We are changing the code today to eliminate any confusion.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Read more on<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;"> </span>Reddit.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What are your thoughts? Tell us in the comments below.</span></div>
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Here’s Why You Should NOT Change Your Profile Pic to Digital India Tricolor

If you check the source code of Digital India profile picture, you’ll realize that your new picture is being called as “internetOrgProfile...

Light-based Memory Chip is the First Ever to Store Data Permanently

Unknown 0 3:27 AM

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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="optical-memory-data-inside-GST-patch" height="358" loading="lazy" src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/light-based-memory-.jpg" width="640" /><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A team of researchers has claimed to have created the first optical memory chip that would permanently store data and would fasten the processors by 50 to 100 times.</em></em></span></div>
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<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">ou think your computer is fast? Think again. The current generation of computers operates with silicon-based electronic devices that use electrons as a carrier of the information. Well, except the likes of the</span><span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">quantum computers</span></span><span style="font-style: normal; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;"> that use the physics of quantum mechanics at its core, most of the world’s computing and memory chips use the conventional VLSI/ULSI set ups.</span></span></em></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Scientists, for quite some time now, have been advocating the use of “light” based computing and memory chips that could revolutionize the electronics world as we know it. Now a team of researchers led by a nanoengineering expert at the University of Oxford, Harish Bhaskaran, has claimed to have created the first optical memory chip that would permanently store data.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Earlier, the optical memory chip designs had failed due to its volatile nature. But the researchers’ team had bypassed the problem using an already available and widely used storage devices-CDs and DVDs. A thin layer of GST, an alloy of germanium, antimony, and tellurium is used on these devices to save data.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">GST has a unique property of changing its atomic structure from the ordered crystalline to amorphous state when hit by laser pulses. Now light is reflected differently by both these atomic structures which is later on detected by low-intensity light as it tracks the difference on the GST surface, and that’s how the data is read back.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The researchers’ team build a chip using waveguide technology that channels the optical pulses on a silicon nitride device. After that, they tested the chip by coating it with a nanolayer of GST and shot high-intensity laser pulses at it. As the GST molecules changed their atomic structure from crystalline to amorphous, the low-intensity laser pulses reverted the process back i.e. from amorphous to ordered crystalline, making it a potential memory and rewritable device.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">But what accounts as an achievement is that the scientists were able to store multiple bits (information) simultaneously as they sent multiple wavelengths of light through the waveguide. This means they could read and write multiple bits simultaneously, a property that is limited in the conventional storage devices.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">As the team varied the wavelengths and intensity of the laser, they were able to store up to 8 bits of data at a single spot.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The experiment shows that the optical memory chips could make our computers 100 times faster with a more advanced photonic memory and better waveguide technology. And the pace at which the research is continuing, that future does not seem too far away.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">What do you think of the new optical memory research? Tell us in comments below.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Source: <span style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">Nature</span></span></span></div>
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Light-based Memory Chip is the First Ever to Store Data Permanently

A team of researchers has claimed to have created the first optical memory chip that would permanently store data and would fasten the pro...

How Much Does the Entire Internet Weigh?

Unknown 0 3:25 AM

How Much Does the Entire Internet Weigh?

How much does the internet weigh? No more spoiler here. Read more and find out. T he data we upload on the web, the information we ...

Stealth Dark Matter Could Be The Key to Universe’s Missing Mass

Shivam Patsariya 0 Science 3:24 AM

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<img alt="stealth-dark-matter-model-" height="391" loading="lazy" src="http://d2brer6wwumtdu.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/stealth-dark-matter-model-.jpg" style="text-align: left;" width="640" /><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img alt="stealth-dark-matter-model-" loading="lazy" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODdhAQABAPAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAEACAkQBADs=" /><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have come up with a ‘stealth dark matter model’ to try and understand the dark matter. The theory believes that the dark matter is composed of ‘now long decayed’ electrically charged particles and is bonded by a strong unknown force.</em></span></div>
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<em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></em></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">D</em><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">ark Matter has always aroused curiosity unlike anything, not only amongst the astrophysicists but also the kids and science fiction fans. It is quite impressive that even after constituting over 80% of the Universe’s mass, we fall short of knowledge when it comes to the subject. Scientists had previously found the way to study Dark Matter by watching it </span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 28.7999992370605px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">collide with other celestial stuff</span></span><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 28.7999992370605px;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In the recent developments, researchers at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (<span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">LLNL</span></span>) have hypothesized the composition of the dark matter. The scientists believe that dark matter might be a congregation of electrically charged particles which are bound by strong unknown forces. Since, it has successfully evaded us till now, scientists are calling their new theory as the<em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Stealth Dark Matter</em> model.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Dark Matter has outwitted humans for so long because it shows almost no reaction with the visible matter and neither it does emit, radiate or absorb light. However, its repulsiveness to itself has come to the knowledge.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The team of particle physicists known as the Lattice Strong Dynamics Collaboration is looking forward to validate their stealth dark matter model at CERN using Large Hadron Collider.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">According to the theory, the dark matter produced huge amount of electrically charged unstable nuclear particles (analogous to quarks in the neutron) and these ‘now long decayed’ particles had interacted with almost everything in the early universe. The scientists acknowledge this interaction to the high temperatures at that time and since then, the dark matter had bonded under a strong unknown force as the universe cooled down.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vranas, one of the scientists from the team remarks, “<em style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">These interactions in the early universe are important because ordinary and dark matter abundances today are strikingly similar in size, suggesting this occurred because of a balancing act performed between the two before the universe cooled.”</em></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The stealth dark matter model is fascinating because the dark matter is passive to electromagnetic radiations and to come up with a theory that speculates electrically charged particles as inherent to dark matter, is really absorbing.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The scientists are <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">counting on the LHC</span> </span>to verify or maybe rule out their hypothesis as only the world’s largest particle accelerator could create conditions similar to that of the early universe and shed light on the dark matter complexity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">It should be noted that LHC has already been credited to several discoveries and affirmations of theorized particles such as <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">Weyl Fermions</span></span>, Higgs Boson, and <span style="border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="-webkit-transition-duration: 0.2s; border-color: initial; border-style: initial; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; transition-duration: 0.2s;">Pentaquarks</span>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Only if the dark matter mystery could be resolved.</span></div>
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Stealth Dark Matter Could Be The Key to Universe’s Missing Mass

Scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory have come up with a ‘stealth dark matter model’ to try and understand the dark matt...

Satya Nadella: Microsoft Connecting 500,000 Indian Villages With Low-Cost Broadband

Shivam Patsariya 0 Business, FbTrick 3:21 AM

Satya Nadella: Microsoft Connecting 500,000 Indian Villages With Low-Cost Broadband

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella announced his company’s plan to bring Internet connectivity to 5 lakh villages in India, thus giving a major b...